 HTML (HyperText Markup Language)HTML is the markup language used to write web documents.
HTML defines the structure and layout of a Web document by using a variety of tags and attributes. In other words it tells to browser where and how to display elements of web page such as text, pictures, links, forms, multimedia objects.
HTML does not have any logical elements therefore it is not a programming language.
HTML is just a series of tags that are integrated into a text document.
The correct structure for an HTML document starts with <HTML><HEAD>(enter here what document is about)<BODY> and ends with </BODY></HTML>. All the information you'd like to include in your Web page fits in between the <BODY> and </BODY> tags.
To see the HTML code of any web page simple click "Page" - "View Source"
There are hundreds of other tags used to format and layout the information in a Web page. Tags are also used to specify hypertext links. These allow Web developers to direct users to other Web pages with only a click of the mouse on either an image or word(s).
Basic HTML is not difficult to learn and you do not have to be a programmer to understand and use it for making basic web pages. In most instances, the files produced with HTML are static, or unchanging, and are displayed to the viewer by their browser just as the file was created.
HTML however has a lot of limitations. Using HTML it is only possible to make very basic website with some text, pictures and links. To make website interractive it is necessary to use one of server side programming languages such as PHP, ASP, ASP.NET, ColdFusion, JSP.
To produce HTML document you can use any text editor with possibility to change file extension such as "Notepad" in Windows. All you need to do is just change file extension to "html" or "htm".
Another option is to purchase special software such as "Dreamweaver" where you can see how web page will look like in browsers. However, using such tools without basic knowlege of HTML can be tricky. Sometimes it does not work correctly and you need to know how to fix the code manually. (I always write code myself and I found it the best option to produce web documents)
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation (that is, the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can be applied to any kind of XML document, including SVG and XUL.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the colors, fonts, and layout. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share the same formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tableless web design).
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) .
CSS makes much easer to change design of web sites. By making CSS classess for similar content such as header, text, links, pictures it makes it possible to change design of many web pages at the same time just by doing some changes to css file.
 PHPPHP is a server-side programming language for creating dynamic Web pages.
Dynamic means that content of webpage may change because PHP does some work (such as calculations or taking some information from database) .
PHP commands can be inserted into HTML document like this: <?php ?>. To write PHP code you can use the same text editor as for writing HTML document. The file extension should be changed to php.
After PHP commands are executed it produses just normal HTML page. If you click "Page", then "Source code" in your browser you can see the HTML code PHP script produced and you cannot see any PHP scripts.
Because PHP runs on server it does not have any compatibility problems with different browsers (unlike Javascript).
There are a lot of things you can do with php such as forums, guestbooks, news websites etc.
The only limitation is that web page needs to be reloaded every time when PHP is doing work.
 MySQLTo change content of webpage dinamically using PHP it is easer and faster to use a database instead of using files to read and write data. MySQL database is commonly used for PHP web applications.
It can be used for storing users' data such as login information, content of web pages, directories to files etc.
To communicate with database (to get or write some information) SQL (Structured Query Language) is used.
See picture to understand more how does it work.
JavascriptJavascript is a programming language that is used to make web pages interactive. It runs on your visitor's computer and so does not require constant downloads from your web site.
Adding JavaScript to HTML code allows you to change completely the document appearance, from changing text, to changing colors, or changing the options available in a drop-down list, or switching one image with another when you roll your mouse over, changing position of elements on page, doing some animations and much more.
The calendar with clock and control panel on this website I programmed using Javascript language.
Using Javascript makes it possible to change content, loyaut, appearence of the HTML document without reloading the page.
Javascript used together with HTML and CSS calls sometimes DHTML (Dynamic HTML)
The limitations of Javascript are browsers compatibility (Javasripts could be just turned off in the browsers or browser cold be too old sometimes to run Javascript commands), Javascript by itself cannot do any work with database.
Using Javascript is safe it cannot execute any files on your computer.
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